During each pause, the active lava lake surface would drop December 2021 - March 2022: Eruption pauses 24 times, over time periods ranging from approximately two hours to nearly two days.November 16, 2021: Lava begins to flow onto the lowest exposed down-dropped block of caldera floor that collapsed in 2018, northeast of Halemaʻumaʻu.October 7, 2021: Activity becomes focused at single vent on the western wall of Halemaʻumaʻu.October 6, 2021: Eastern portion of lava lake begins to stagnate and form a crust.October 4, 2021: Activity becomes focused at two vents: one in the western wall of Halemaʻumaʻu and one in the south central portion of the lava lake.HST: Another vent opens in the west wall of Halemaʻumaʻu crater HST: Eruption begins as a series of fissure vents to the east of the large island that formed in the December 2020-May 2021 lava lake May 23, 2021: eruption ceases (active lava not visible after this date).December 20, 2020: Eruption begins, water lake boils away in 90 minutes.Chronology of eruptive activity 2020-2023 Much of the eruption was focused at vent on the southwest wall of the crater, above the crater floor. In June 2023, another eruption, brief and lasting less than two weeks, occurred within Halema‘uma‘u crater. The eruption was brief compared to the previous two eruptions in Halemaʻumaʻu crater, lasting about three months and ending on March 7, 2023. These pauses typically occurred in conjunction with deflation-inflation (DI) events in the summit magma reservoir, as recorded by USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) tiltmeters in the region. The eruption continued for over a year until lava supply to the Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake ceased on December 9, 2022.įollowing a brief month without active lava, another eruption began at the base of Halema‘uma‘u crater on January 5, 2023. The activity was nearly “continuous,” though there were multiple occasions when lava was not flowing on the surface. During the late fall and winter of 2021–2022, the eruption would episodically pause for periods lasting from hours to days. a series of vents opened in the floor and walls of Halemaʻumaʻu crater, generating a lava lake. On September 29, 2021, earthquake activity increased abruptly beneath Halemaʻumaʻu around 2 p.m. However, no eruption occurred, and the shallow Halemaʻumaʻu magma reservoir continued to measure inflation. In August 2021, increased earthquake activity and patterns of ground deformation indicated that an intrusion was occurring, and magma was moving into an area south of Kīlauea caldera. By May, the eruption had filled Halemaʻumaʻu crater with 223 meters/732 ft of lava (equal to an elevation of approximately 741 meters/2431 ft above sea level) the last activity on the lava lake surface was observed on May 23, 2021.Īfter the December 2020-May 2021 Halemaʻumaʻu eruption ended, Kīlauea summit region continued to slowly inflate. Eventually, activity became focused at a vent on the west wall of Halemaʻumaʻu. The water lake that had been present at the base of the crater was quickly boiled away and replaced by a lava lake. The eruption began as fissures on the walls and lowest down-dropped block within Halemaʻumaʻu on December 20 at approximately 9:30 p.m. Following the intrusion, seismometers detected a notable increase in occurrence and duration of long-period seismic signals beneath Kīlauea’s summit, which are attributed to magmatic activity, beginning on December 17, 2020. On December 2, 2020, GPS stations and tiltmeters recorded a ground deformation event at Kīlauea’s summit indicative of a small dike intrusion of magma under the southern part of Kīlauea caldera. Beginning in September 2020, increased rates of uplift were observed by Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone and over the past month were observed in Kīlauea’s summit region. Several months after that, in March of 2019, the summit began to steadily inflate. Two months after the end of the 2018 eruption, the HVO monitoring network detected Deflation-Inflation events (DI-events) indicative that the shallow Halemaʻumaʻu magma reservoir, located approximately 1.6 km (1 mile) under Kīlauea caldera, still contained significant amounts of magma. Kīlauea Volcano had maintained a low level of non-eruptive unrest since the end of the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse, which deepened Halemaʻumaʻu crater by over 500 meters (1640 feet). For information on the current eruption, see the eruption webpage: Recent Eruption | U.S. This is an exciting time on Kīlauea Volcano because there have been several summit eruptions following the 2018 summit collapse.
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